Reading+Log+1

 **Good but please finish ! ! ** __ Reading Log 1 __ Read the following text and answer the following questions:

I. Pre-reading: a. What do you know about the chaos theory? I don`t know __nothing__ **anything ** about the chaos theory....  b. What do you think the text will be about? I don`t know, maybe about natural disasters, human fears or how __happen enviromental facts__. **environmental facts happen **  c. Write a list of five words (minimum) that you think you can find in the text you will read. Theory, chaos, __e__ [|xplosion, matter, environment, movement.] **Good **  Now click on the following link, then check your previous responses. Once you finish, please answer the questions below the picture []

II. Reading: __ Definitions __ Term being defined The general class words Characteristics  __Chaos Theory ____, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems that are sensitive to their initial conditions __ . __Chaotic systems are mathematically deterministic—that is, they follow precise laws, but their irregular behavior can appear to be random to the casual observer__. Chaotic behavior is common in systems as varied as [|electric circuits] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|measles] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> outbreaks, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|lasers] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, clashing <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|gears] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|heart] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> rhythms, electrical <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|brain] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, and <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|chemical reactions] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">. It is suspected that even economic systems, such as the <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|stock exchange] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, may be chaotic. The field of chaos is evolving rapidly from a theoretical to an applied science. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> The dynamic nature of the universe has led to a great deal of scientific research dedicated to analyzing change. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences. Therefore, scientists concluded that if random influences could be eliminated, then the behavior of all such deterministic systems could be predicted indefinitely. <span style="background-color: #d8a8f5; color: #000000; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> It is now known that many systems can exhibit long-term unpredictability even in the absence of random influences. Such systems are called chaotic. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> Even very simple systems, such as a <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|pendulum] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, exhibit chaos. <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> The unpredictability of chaotic systems arises due to their sensitivity to their initial conditions, such as their initial position and velocity. Two identical chaotic systems set in motion with slightly different initial conditions can quickly exhibit motions that are quite different. French mathematician <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Henri Poincaré] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> concluded that he could not prove the <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|solar system] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> to be completely predictable. He was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos: “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…” <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> The ramifications of Poincare’s discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. Before then, however, pioneering scientists and engineers at the <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|National Aeronautics and Space Administration] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> used Poincare’s work to send people and satellites into orbit. Edward Lorenz, an American meteorologist, discovered in the early 1960s that a simplified computer model of the weather demonstrated extreme sensitivity to the initial measured state of the weather (//see// <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Meteorology] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">). He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted in three dimensions, fell onto a butterfly-shaped <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|fractal] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> set of points of a type now known as a strange attractor. Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible. By the early 1980s, experiments regularly showed that many physical and biological systems behave chaotically. One of the first such systems to be discovered was the dripping water faucet. Under certain conditions, the timing between water drops from a leaking faucet demonstrates chaotic behavior, making the long-term prediction of the timing of drops impossible. <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">According to recent evidence, Poincare’s observations concerning the unpredictability of the solar system appear to be correct. Observations and computer simulations of the irregular tumbling motion of Hyperion, a potato-shaped moon of <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Saturn] <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, have provided the first conclusive proof that objects in the solar system can behave chaotically. Recent computer simulations have also shown that the orbit of [|Pluto] <span style="background-color: #d8a8f5; color: #000000; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, the outermost planet of the solar system <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">, is chaotic. Scientists are currently developing applications that use chaos. New chaos-aware control techniques are being used to stabilize lasers, manipulate chemical reactions, encode information, and change chaotic heart rhythms into healthy, regular heart rhythms. **<span style="color: #980698; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Good, but you missed two definitions ** Questions.

1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.) <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> 2. Underline a__ll the definitions__ you find in the text.

3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined, the general class words and the characteristics of the terms. <span style="color: #980698; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> **<span style="color: #980698; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Good, but you missed two definitions **

4. Find the descriptions if any. 5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent:
 * <span style="color: #980698; font-family: Georgia,serif;">??? **

a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems __<span style="color: #da2525; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">that __ are sensitive to __<span style="color: #ee1111; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">their initial conditions __ __<span style="color: #ee1111; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">That __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif'; font-weight: normal;"> ** à **** refers to chaotic systems. ** <span style="color: #ee1111; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> b. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, __<span style="color: #e11919; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">it __ was due to random external influences. <span style="font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';"> c. “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in __<span style="color: #d01616; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">the former __ will produce an enormous error in __<span style="color: #ec1313; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">the latter __. Prediction becomes impossible…”
 * __ Their initial conditions __** ** à **** refers to the conditions **

d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed __<span style="color: #e01010; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">them __ to easily model and visualize chaotic systems.

e. He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model __<span style="color: #d21919; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">that __, __<span style="color: #ee1111; font-family: 'Nimbus Sans L','sans-serif';">when plotted __ ...

6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory? **<span style="color: #980698; font-family: Georgia,serif;">??? ** 7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain [1]  **<span style="color: #980698; font-family: Georgia,serif;">???? **

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